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51.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be an objective, strategic and immediate criteria in determining, case-by-case, the most suitable crop for energy. In this study, a cradle-to-farm gate LCA study was performed in 4 perennial energy crops and then compared to the environmental impacts of a conventional wheat–maize rotation. The functional units energy and hectare were used for ranking the crops. The results showed clear and constant environmental benefits, on average 50% lower impacts, by substituting the conventional rotation with perennial crops. Among the latter, little differences were found on hectare basis, while the differences were strictly dependent on biomass yield, on energy basis. Giant reed, the most productive crop, showed at this regard the best performance, while cynara resulted in the lowest ecological benefits. A similar trend was also registered as concern the energy gain and efficiency that ranged from 75 (cynara) to 349 (giant reed) GJ ha−1, and from 7 to 30 (same order), respectively. On hectare basis, switchgrass achieved better results in six categories out of nine, and especially, it was from 27% to 32% less impacting than the other perennials on marine water ecotoxicity, which resulted in the clearly most affected category after normalisation on average European inhabitants. Weighting is not allowed for public comparison (ISO 14042), yet it can be helpful for some overall indications and conclusive comments. Comparing giant reed and switchgrass under different weighting sets, it emerged that resource depletion was the main discriminator for crop choice. Evenly weighting human health (HH), resource depletion (RD) and ecosystem quality (EQ) categories made the preference toward switchgrass or giant reed very uncertain. Taking three different weighting sets with RD, HH and EQ having 50% of relative importance (25% was set for the remaining two categories), switchgrass appeared the best choice in two cases (i.e. HH = 50% and EQ = 50%) out of three. Therefore, the preference toward a specific energy crop will strongly depend on weighting sets that may considerably change in space and time. 相似文献
52.
Riccardo Aversano Salvatore Savarese Jose Maria De Nova Luigi Frusciante Maria Punzo Domenico Carputo 《Euphytica》2009,165(2):353-361
In this work we detected the extent of variability at nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA level of regenerated plants belonging to
Solanum genotypes with a different genetic background and somatic chromosome number. As for the nuclear characterization, a total
of 66 (18.5%) polymorphic bands were scored using 13 ISSR primers on 45 randomly selected regenerants. Our results show that
the regenerants obtained from clone cmm 1T and, at lower level, those from cph 1C are unstable under in vitro conditions or
rather more prone to in vitro-induced stress leading to somaclonal variation than the other genotypes used. Two types of changes
were observed: disappearance of parental ISSR fragments, termed “loss”; appearance of novel ISSR fragments, termed “gain”.
The most frequent event occurring in the regenerants was the loss of fragments (41 bands). Regenerated plants were analyzed
with seven plastid universal primers to determine the cytoplasmic composition at chloroplast level. All cpDNA primer pairs
tested produced amplicons of the same size in all genotypes analyzed and no polymorphic fragments were observed with any universal
primers used. Our results show that under in vitro culture conditions genotype affects the integrity of the genome. In addition,
the absence of polymorphism at plastid level confirms the greater genetic stability of cytoplasmic DNA. 相似文献
53.
Positive PCR alone should not be considered sufficient to establish Dirofilaria repens as the cause of subcutaneous nodular lesions in the absence of a clear cytologic picture 下载免费PDF全文
54.
Alfredo Di Filippo Alfredo Alessandrini Franco Biondi Silvia Blasi Luigi Portoghesi Gianluca Piovesan 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(7):706-706
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• We combined stem volume increment analysis with dendroecological tools to address two unresolved issues concerning oak dieback
in Mediterranean areas: early detection of changes in stand growth, and identification of mechanisms for observed growth declines. 相似文献
55.
Gianluca Neglia Bianca Gasparrini Domenico Vecchio Marcello Rubessa Rossella Di Palo Luigi Zicarelli Giuseppe Campanile 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1243-1247
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous progesterone supplementation on superovulatory response in buffaloes
that has undergone a multiple ovulation program. Fourteen Mediterranean buffaloes were divided into two groups and received
a 4-day decreasing dosage of an equal mixture of 500 IU of FSH and LH starting on day 8 of the cycle. In group A (n = 7) a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device was removed on day 8, whereas in group B (n = 7) it was left till day 10, when PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{{2}\alpha }} was administered. Eighty hours later, buffaloes were artificially inseminated and after 6 days they undergone uterine flushing.
A higher (P < 0.05) number of corpora lutea (8.3 vs. 5.7) and embryo/flushing/buffalo (2.3 vs. 1.3) were recorded in group B vs. group
A if responsive buffaloes are considered (n = 12) and the number of corpora lutea was highly correlated with the number of embryos (r = 0.65; P < 0.05). In conclusion, progesterone supplementation during the first 2 days of the superovulation treatment seems to enhance
the recovery rate in buffalo species. A high ovulation rate, associated with a high number of corpora lutea, can represent
a parameter for estimating embryo recovery. 相似文献
56.
Thibaut Olivier Vaidevutis Šveikauskas Elisabeth Demonty Kris De Jonghe Pascal Gentit Mojca Viršček-Marn Sabine Grausgruber-Gröger Sébastien Morio Francesco Faggioli Michèle Visage Frédéric Fauche Maria Gusina Marta Luigi Helena Lasner Irena Mavrič-Pleško 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(3):645-654
57.
Renzo Torricelli Donato Domenico Silveri Nicoletta Ferradini Gianfranco Venora Fabio Veronesi Luigi Russi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(2):261-276
In the world lentil is grown on more than 3 million hectares and is one of the most important, low-cost, food source of protein.
In Italy lentil has been cultivated since ancient times, but in the last decades its cultivation has been confined to marginal
areas, small islands and hilly, mountainous areas of central and southern Italy. Local varieties are still common and are
often greatly appreciated for their taste and cooking qualities. Several accessions from the Santo Stefano di Sessanio area,
Abruzzo Region, were collected and phenotypically and genotypically characterized in order to look for the existing variability
within and between populations. Image analysis of seeds was also used. Populations grown in Santo Stefano di Sessanio and
in the neighbouring area basically share most of their characteristics. However, some of the accessions anonymously gathered
from the local market were shown to be different from those collected from farmers. The paper reports and discusses how this
local product needs be characterized and promoted in order to avoid fraud that could negatively affect the local economy and
put valuable, adapted, genetic resources at risk of erosion. 相似文献
58.
Gianluca Bianchini Claudio Natali Dario Di Giuseppe Luigi Beccaluva 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(7):1145-1153
PurposeThis contribution investigates agricultural soils and sedimentary deposits in the province of Ferrara (Padanian alluvial plain, Northern Italy) in order to: examine their genesis; to define the geochemical background of the area; and to evaluate the existence of anthropogenic contamination. Moreover, environmental risk related to the presence of potentially toxic heavy metals that can be transferred into agricultural products (and consequently bio-accumulated in the food chain) was also assessed.Materials and methodsThe analyses (reported in an extensive supplementary dataset) include XRD, XRF and ICP-MS assessment of bulk sediments, tests of metal extraction with aqua regia, as well as analyses of local agricultural products, i.e. biomonitoring which is important in the evaluation of element mobility.Results and discussionBased on the results, GIS-based geochemical maps were produced and local background levels were defined. This approach demonstrated that high concentrations of Cr and Ni is a natural (geogenic) feature of the local alluvial terrains, which in turn is related to the origin and provenance of the sediments, as confirmed by the lack of top enrichment in all of the investigated sites. Tests of metal extraction and analyses of agricultural products provide guidelines for agricultural activities, suggesting that extensive use of sewage sludge, industrial slurry and manure (that are often rich in metals) should be minimised.ConclusionsThe dataset reported in this paper shows that the agricultural terrains of the studied alluvial plain are not characterised by anthropogenic heavy metal pollution. In spite of the elevated natural background of Cr and Ni, most of the local agricultural products do not show significant evidence of bio-magnification. Exceptions are represented by forage grass (alfalfa) and corn (maize) that tend to uptake As and Ni, respectively. This demonstrates that in agricultural areas, a geochemical risk assessment must include both soil and plant investigations. 相似文献59.
Costagliola A Britti D Russo V Meomartino L Castagna F Giordano D Insabato L Paciello O 《Avian diseases》2011,55(1):147-150
A common seagull (Larus fuscus) was found near the southern coast of Italy by the veterinarians of the local wild animal rescue center. Physical examination of the bird revealed an ulcerated mass involving a majority of the oral cavity; the mass did not allow for normal feeding. After the bird died necropsy was performed and the mass was histologically and immunohistochemically examined. The morphology and the immunoreactivity for Melan-A and S-100 antigens led to a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. This is the first case of malignant melanoma described in a seagull, and herein we compare the characteristics of the present case with malignant melanoma already described in domestic animals. 相似文献
60.
In this study, an experimental challenge was carried out by feeding Nero Siciliano pigs with acorn to evoke melanin-like pigmentation and support the hypothesis that it is caused by ingested material. Twelve pigs were studied, 6 fed with acorns and 6 fed commercial feed. At slaughter, all the animals fed on acorns showed black discolouration of almost all lymph nodes. The lymph nodes were normal in size and shape. Histochemical tests performed on tissues allowed us to identify and differentiate the pigment. Immunohistochemical staining for macrophage markers showed macrophages containing a variable amount of melanin-like granules. Our data, and the well-known steps of melanin formation, confirm that swine enzymes could act on phenolic substances found in acorns. 相似文献
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